Countering Heedless Jihad
I first met Dr. James “Andy” Sheppard on a visit to Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. Andy served as the provost of the college. He had invited me there as a Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow to lecture on campus for five days. Andy was and is a collection of contradictions: an academic with a decidedly practical view of the world, a theologian and Christian who understands and...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Countering Heedless Jihad
On September 11, 2001, the world changed. Most Americans learned that day about al-Qa’ida and Osama bin Laden. Those of us who followed the attack on our embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam in 1998 as well as the attack on the USS Cole in 2000 knew we had a problem. The high death toll and symbolism of the attack on the World Trade Center led to what my friend and mentor Chas W....
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
2,256
Countering Heedless Jihad
Writing a book is a team sport. That this book is in print owes to my teammates. In particular, U.S. Ambassador David Dunford has been a constant voice of encouragement—a source of intellectual engagement, faithful sounding board, and editor. The truth is that he has read more versions of this book than anyone should, and I am grateful to him for both that and for his contribution. Dave was...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
1,011
Countering Heedless Jihad
Several years ago, Professor Majid Fakhry rightly pointed out that the Khomeini movement in Iran and the revival of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia serve as good reminders that religion is the force that shapes the longtime tension between rationalist and anti-rationalist currents within Islam.1. M. Fakhry, A History of Islamic...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Countering Heedless Jihad
At the start of the second chapter in the Joint Forces publication on military deception, there is a quote that is attributed to the 16th-century Italian philosopher and diplomat Niccolo Machiavelli. It states, “Though fraud [deception] in other activities be detestable, in the management of war it is laudable and...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
10,491
Countering Heedless Jihad
There is a popular slogan in some Muslim circles that states, “Dawa [preaching] is about reaching hearts, not preaching hard.” Juxtaposing that slogan with the “hearts and minds” campaign that framed the information operation during the Iraq war (2003–2011), one might wonder why preaching didn’t loom larger in the effort. To be sure, a charismatic preacher has just as good, sometimes better, odds of creating a reform movement within a religious community than does a marketing...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
10,861
Countering Heedless Jihad
The overarching point of the preceding chapter was that undermining violent anti-rationalists within the Islamic tradition can be aided by an indirect attack on the information environment. More precisely, using theological concepts that the target community has not yet claimed and then positioning those ideas in a way that makes the jihadist vision difficult to...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
10,588
Countering Heedless Jihad
Damaging Salafist jihadi ideology, as should be clear by now, requires interacting directly with individuals who operate in or have a penchant for that particular faith community. As a counteroffensive initiative, however, the work involved occasionally requires rethinking the use and function of certain...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
12,468
Countering Heedless Jihad
Up to this point, the effort to undo violent anti-rationalist ideology has been painted as a complex act of deception. It involves sending out a variety of signals that the enemy and its potential recruits think are safe for consumption. Yet it is especially complex because it exploits an ineffable standard of piety within the Salafi jihadist movement. Executing many of the tactics that make up...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
11,367
Countering Heedless Jihad
In 2016, Michael Vickers, a former assistant secretary of defense for special operations, wrote a thoughtful opinion piece for the Washington Post. In that article, he correctly noted that containment strategies, efforts to prop up or change dysfunctional governments, and setting limits on precision combat...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
3,843
Countering Heedless Jihad
The discussion in the preceding pages focused on Muslim anti-rationalist groups that rely on violence to bring about both social and political changes. The popular shorthand terms for these groups are Islamists or jihadists. Neither term is particularly helpful since, as discussed in the foregoing, Islam is not what makes them violent. Rather, groups like ISIS,...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
5,209
Countering Heedless Jihad
Terrorism is a by-product of extremism, which occurs at three different levels—that is, at the levels of individuals, organizations, and the environment. Multilevel analysis of violent extremism also suggests that factors driving an individual to resort to terrorism differ significantly from the factors that...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Countering Heedless Jihad
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Countering Heedless Jihad
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Countering Heedless Jihad
Abbasid. See caliphate
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
2,410
Countering Heedless Jihad
James A. Sheppard earned his Ph.D. in the history of ideas from the University of Sheffield. He is the author of Christendom at the Crossroads: The Medieval Era (2005) and has written substantive articles related to both theology and academic leadership. He is a National Military Intelligence Foundation associate and has published articles related to the use of religion in...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
196
Countering Heedless Jihad
David J. Dunford served as U.S. ambassador to Oman for three years and as deputy ambassador to Saudi Arabia for four years that included the 1990–1991 Gulf War. He worked for General Garner and Ambassador Bremer in Iraq in 2003 as the senior official in charge of reorganizing Iraq’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His other assignments included economic minister-counselor in Cairo,...
James A. Sheppard
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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